中尺度模式中不同对流参数化方案的比较试验   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李燕  邱崇践  张建国 《热带气象学报》2008,24(6):609-618

MM5模式中有多种积云参数化方案可供选择,粗细网格采用不同的积云参数化方案对降水预报有一定的影响。采用常用的四种积云参数化方案,粗细网格进行不同配置,对辽东半岛大暴雨过程进行试验发现：细网格信息可以通过嵌套边界向外层传递,影响外层预报结果。细网格选取GR方案比选取AK、BM、KF方案模拟效果好很多;细网格参数化方案不变,粗网格取不同的参数化方案,对细网格的模拟结果差别不大。但选取一个好的参数化方案对细网格的模拟结果会稍有改进。  相似文献   

层状云数值模式与实际观测研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

杨洁帆  雷恒池  胡朝霞  郭学良  肖稳安 《气候与环境研究》2007,12(5):618-628

改进了一维层状云雨滴分档模式,利用雨滴分档模式在计算雨滴粒子谱型及数浓度自然演变方面中的优势,对吉林省长春市6月21日3个不同时刻的降雨进行了模拟,并与实测资料进行了比较。结果表明,改进后的模式计算稳定,可以模拟出与实际降水谱型相接近的雨滴谱;对于层状云中上升气流速度难以直接测量的问题,通过选用不同的上升气流速度方案,并将计算所得的雷达回波反射率廓线与实际地面雷达观测值相拟和的方法,从而为实现通过雷达回波与模式计算相比较来测量定量降水提供一个新的思路;与实际观测结果比较可知,暖区碰并过程对本次降水的贡献在10%左右,与上升气流的速度有关。  相似文献   

A climatic dataset of ocean vertical turbulent mixing coefficient based on real energy sources     

Yu Zhang  YiHua Lin  RuiXin Huang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(10):2435-2446

Using data on wind stress, significant height of combined wind waves and swell, potential temperature, salinity and seawater velocity, as well as objectively-analyzed in situ temperature and salinity, we established a global ocean dataset of calculated wind- and tide-induced vertical turbulent mixing coefficients. We then examined energy conservation of ocean vertical mixing from the point of view of ocean wind energy inputs, gravitational potential energy change due to mixing (with and without artificially limiting themixing coefficient), and K-theory vertical turbulent parameterization schemes regardless of energy inputs. Our research showed that calculating the mixing coefficient with average data and artificial limiting the mixing coefficient can cause a remarkable lack of energy conservation, with energy losses of up to 90% and changes in the energy oscillation period. The data also show that wind can introduce a huge amount of energy into the upper layers of the Southern Ocean, and that tidesdo so in regions around underwater mountains. We argue that it is necessary to take wind and tidal energy inputs into account forlong-term ocean climate numerical simulations. We believe that using this ocean vertical turbulent mixing coefficient climatic dataset is a fast and efficient method to maintain the ocean energy balance in ocean modeling research.  相似文献   

晴天地表总辐射和净辐射瞬时值计算方法     

孙治安  刘晶淼  曾宪宁  梁宏 《气象与环境学报》2014,30(2):1-13

以较为精确的大气辐射传输模式为基础,研制出晴天地表总辐射和净辐射瞬时值的计算方案。与以往的经验计算方法不同,该方案将辐射传输带模式的思路引入地面太阳辐射计算,并尽可能将大气中吸收和散射物质对太阳辐射的影响考虑进去,从而使该方法具有较好的精确性和普适性。在此基础上采用了Kokhanovsky等人提出的大气气溶胶反射率和透过率参数化方案,使得气溶胶对地面总辐射和净辐射的影响得到较好的处理。采用的自变量都是数值预报模式或卫星观测能提供的气象要素,因此该方案即可用于数值预报模式或陆面过程模式计算地表辐射平衡,又可以利用卫星观测或再分析资料估算地面太阳能资源分布。利用美国能源部三个大气辐射观测站点2005年全年的观测资料及欧洲宇航局提供的卫星反演气溶胶资料对计算方案进行了检验。结果表明,该方法十分精确,所有点的平均相对误差都小于6%,误差的均方差都小于0.3 W•m^-2。  相似文献   

Modeling Arctic Intermediate Water： The effects of Neptune parameterization and horizontal resolution   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LI Xiang  SU Jie  WANG Zeliang  ZHAO Jinping 《极地研究(英文版)》2013,(2):98-105

  相似文献   

Understanding of the Common Land Model performance for water and energy fluxes in a farmland during the growing season in Korea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Minha Choi  Seung Oh Lee  Hyojung Kwon 《水文研究》2010,24(8):1063-1071

The Common Land Model (CLM) is one of the most widely used land surface models (LSMs) due to the practicality of its simple parameterization scheme and its versatility in embracing a variety of field datasets. The improved assessment of land surface water and energy fluxes using CLM can be an alternative approach for understanding the complex land–atmosphere interactions in data‐limited regions. The understanding of water and energy cycles in a farmland is crucial because it is a dominant land feature in Korea and Asia. However, the applications of CLM to farmland in Korea are in paucity. The simulations of water and energy fluxes by CLM were conducted against those from the tower‐based measurements during the growing season of 2006 at the Haenam site (a farmland site) in Korea without optimization. According to the International Geosphere–Biosphere Programme (IGBP) land cover classification, a homogeneous cropland was selected initially for this study. Although the simulated soil moisture had a similar pattern to that of the observed, the former was relatively drier (at 0·1 m³ m^?3) than the latter. The simulated net radiation showed good agreement with the observed, with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 41 W m^?2, whereas relatively large discrepancies between the simulation and observation were found in sensible (RMSE of 66 W m^?2) and latent (RMSE of 60 W m^?2) heat fluxes. On the basis of the sensitivity analysis, soil moisture was more receptive to land cover and soil texture parameterizations when compared to soil temperature and turbulent fluxes. Despite the uncertainty in the predictive capability of CLM employed without optimization, the initial performance of CLM suggests usefulness in a data‐limited heterogeneous farmland in Korea. Further studies are required to identify the controls on water and energy fluxes with an improved parameterization. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

ENSEMBLE PREDICTION EXPERIMENTS OF TRACKS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES BY USING MULTIPLE CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郝世峰  崔晓鹏  潘劲松 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2008,14(1):41-44

Ensemble prediction experiments of the tracks of eight tropical cyclones occurring between 2004 -2006 over the western Pacific have been performed by using MM5 with five cumulus parameterizations chemes. The results show that the predictions of the tracks of the tropical cyclones are sensitive to the selection of cumulus parameterization schemes. Each scheme has its own advantage and disadvantage, and the predications without cumulus parameterization schemes are not the worst, sometimes even better than the others. And all of the three ensemble methods improve the predictions of the tracks significantly, among which the ensemble method without parameterization schemes, the Grell, Betts-Miller and Kain-Fritsch schemes are the best.  相似文献   

渤海冰-海洋耦合模式Ⅰ.模式和参数研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

苏洁  吴辉碇  刘钦政  张蕴斐  白珊 《海洋学报》2005,27(1):19-26

在国内外冰-海洋耦合模式研究基础上,根据渤海水文、气象和冰情特点,以国家海洋环境预报中心的渤海海冰预报模式和POM海洋模式为基础,开发了一个冰-海洋耦合模式.在该耦合模式中,冰和海洋之间的动量和热量交换是双向的,冰厚和冰密集度的变化不仅由冰表面和冰底的热收支决定,还由开阔水的表面热收支决定.侧重阐述了耦合模式的动力和热力学过程的耦合,并对模式中一些热力参数进行了讨论.  相似文献   

生态系统模型中物候的参数化方法研究进展     

顾峰雪 《地理科学进展》2006,25(6):68-75

物候和叶面积指数的季节动态在落叶林中是决定生态系统净生产力的关键因素。尽管物 候对能量和CO2 通量的影响可以简单地通过描述发芽和落叶的时间以及叶面积指数的季节动态 来表示, 但是由于对驱动物候的物理过程缺乏全面正确的理解, 在陆地生态系统模型中物候就成 为最难以参数化的一个过程。目前, 在陆地生态系统模型中描述物候主要有两种不同的方法: 一 种是基于气候变量( 主要是温度或积温) 的经验方法, 即是通过建立物候不同阶段与气候变量的 经验关系来预测关键物候事件发生的时间。另一种方法是基于碳吸收的物候参数化方案, 物候的 任何阶段都和当前的碳平衡相联系。在生态系统模型中, 基于碳吸收的物候参数化方法可以大大 降低物候模拟的经验性, 提高模型的适用性和模拟精度, 比基于气候变量的经验模型更适于模拟 未来气候变化影响。未来随着生理和分子水平上, 对控制物候和LAI 动态过程机理的揭示, 建立 基于过程的物候参数化方案和LAI 动态模拟模型就成为生态系统模型或气候模型的发展方向。  相似文献   

水文模型与陆面模式耦合研究进展   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

雍斌  张万昌  刘传胜 《冰川冻土》2006,28(6):961-970

水文模型与陆面模式耦合是目前全球变化研究中的热点问题,如何实现分布式水文模型与陆面过程模式的双向耦合,并将其有机嵌入大气模式中,是未来大气环流模式(GCM)和区域气候模式(RCM)发展和完善的重要目标之一.在简单介绍陆面过程模式和水文模型发展历程的基础上,对水文模型和陆面过程耦合研究的国内外进展进行了综述,指出了模式耦合中存在的共同问题和未来工作的研究要点.最后,探讨了分布式水文模型与陆面模式耦合在全球变化研究框架中的地位与意义,并展望了陆面水文过程发展的主流趋势和研究方向.  相似文献